In Montana, the Coeur d’Alene salamander is known from about 45 locations in fi ve northwestern counties. It is found in three major types of habitat: springs or seeps; spray zones of waterfalls; and edges of streams. Conservation concerns include: disturbances, such as timber harvest, fire, road and trail construction, and water diversion projects; pollution; and restricted mobility coupled with increasing habitat fragmentation. Conservation strategies include: fencing known salamander sites to exclude livestock; not applying chemicals (herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers etc.) within 300 feet of water bodies or wetlands; and protecting and conserving habitat by regulating development, logging, and chemical applications.

The western toad is found throughout the mountains and intermountain valleys of western Montana on both sides of the Continental Divide. Habitats include low-elevation riparian and marshy areas to high-elevation ponds and fens. Conservation concerns include: breeding site destruction; diseases such as red-leg disease and chytrid fungus; and increased predation by species attracted to human disturbance. Conservation strategies include: surveying wetlands suitable for western toads and protecting certain wetlands from introduced species and human disturbance; preventing spread of chytrid fungus. [Personnel working at sites should thoroughly rinse and decontaminate all equipment as described in Maxell et al., 2004.]; and avoiding stocking of predatory game fi sh at sites lacking them.

The northern leopard frog is found across the prairie regions of eastern Montana. In recent years, it has been documented at only isolated sites west of the Continental Divide. Habitats used by northern leopard frog include low-elevation riparian and marshy areas. Conservation concerns include: loss of wetlands and hydrological regimes to drought; introduction of game fi sh, mosquitofi sh and bullfrogs; and pathogens, including chytrid fungus. Conservation strategies include: developing habitat conservation and improvement projects including protecting breeding sites from livestock impacts; allowing no introduction of game fi sh or bullfrogs into waters with known breeding; and preventing spread of chytrid fungus. [Personnel working at sites should thoroughly rinse and decontaminate all equipment as described in Maxell et al., 2004.]